신화 그림의 화가 John William Waterhouse(1849-1917)

Waterhouse, known to his family and friends as Nino, was born in Italy

in 1849 to English parents, moving to London at an early age.

His father was an artist and Waterhouse followed in his footsteps.

Waterhouse's early paintings were influenced by Victorian

neo-classicism as practiced by Alma-Tadema, Leighton and Poynter.

Later, he came under the spell of the second phase of Pre-Raphaelitism,

led by Burne-Jones. By the mid-1880s, he was interested in French

plein-air painting à la Jules Bastien-Lepage. By the early 1890s,

Waterhouse had fused all of these influences into his own style:

"He painted pre-Raphaelite pictures in a more modern manner.

He was, in fact, a kind of academic Burne-Jones, like him in his types

and his moods, but with less insistence on design and more on atmosphere."

 

 

 

Thisbe

painting date: 1909
medium: Oil on canvas
size: 97 x 60 cm
location: Private Collection

 

 

Thisbe, a maiden of Babylon, was forbidden by her parents to marry her beloved Pyramus. The two lovers defied their families by exchanging vows through a chink in the wall which divided their houses, and plotted to elope together, fixing upon a white mulberry bush at the tomb of Ninus as the appointed spot. Arriving at the site, Thisbe was surprised by a lioness, fresh from the kill, and, in her haste to escape into a nearby cave, let slip her veil. The lioness mauled the veil, coating it with the blood of her prey. on his arrival, Pyramus discovered the cloth and believing it to be stained with the blood of his love, stabbed himself through the heart. Thisbe, coming out from hiding, found Pyramus' body and overcome with grief, threw herself upon his sword. Their mingled blood seeped into the ground and turned the fruit of the mulberry tree black as a sign of mourning for them.

 

 

 

 

 

Echo and Narcissus

painting date: 1903
medium: Oil on canvas
size: 109 x 189 cm
location: Walker Art Gallery, Liverpool, England

 

 

 

 

'Sweet Echo, sweetest nymph, that liv'st unseen
Within thy airy shell
By slow Meander's margent green,
And in the violet-embroidered vale
Where the lovelorn nightingale
Nightly to thee her sad song mourneth well:
Canst thou not tell me of a gentle pair
That likest thy Narcissus are?'
John Milton (1608-1674), 'Comus'

Punished by a goddess for her constant chatter, Echo was confined to repeating the words of others. Enamoured of Narcissus, the son of the river god Cephisus and the nymph Liriope, she tried to win his love using fragments of his own speech but he spurned her attentions. Passing by a stream, the beautiful youth caught a glimpse of his reflection is a stream and became transfixed by the lovely image. Believing it to be the form of a nymph, he vainly courted the watery mirage and wasted away through unrequited love. He was transformed into the flower that bears his name and Echo pined away until nothing but her voice remained.

 

 

 

 

 

The Lady of Shalott

painting date: 1888
medium: Oil on canvas
size: 153 x 200 cm
location: Tate Britain, London, England

 

 

 

 

This painting is based on The Lady of Shalott by Alfred Lord Tennyson.

It illustrates the lines:

And down the river's dim expanse
Like some bold seer in a trance,
Seeing all his own mischance -
With a glassy countenance
Did she look to Camelot.
And at the closing of the day
She loosed the chain, and down she lay;
The broad stream bore her far away,
The Lady of Shalott.

 

 

 

 

 

Ophelia

painting date: 1894
medium: Oil on canvas
size: 49 x 29 in
location: Private Collection

 

 

 

Ophelia is the daughter of Polonius, sister to Laertes, and rejected lover of Hamlet in Shakespeare's tragedy Hamlet. Ophelia is a symbol of innocence gone mad. A dutiful daughter, she is manipulated into spying on Hamlet and must bear his humiliating and brutal remarks. She believes him to be mad, commenting sadly "O, what a noble mind is here o'erthrown." Having lost Hamlet's affection, she herself goes mad when her father is killed by Hamlet. Her mad scene (act IV, scene 5) is one of the best known in Western literature. Her madness and death and Hamlet's behaviour at her graveside further inflame Laertes to vengeance.

 

 

 

 

 

Circe Invidiosa

painting date: 1892
medium: Oil on canvas
size: 180.7 x 87.4 cm
location: Art Gallery of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia

 

 

 

 

 

St Cecilia

painting date: 1895
medium: Oil on canvas
size: 46 x 77 in
location: Private Collection (Lord Lloyd Webber), UK

 

 

 

 

Cecilia lived in Rome around 230 AD. She is famous for taking a lifelong vow of chastity which she kept despite her enforced marriage. She converted her husband to Christianity and both suffered martyrdom. In medieval times, a misreading of her Acts led to her connection with church music and when the Academy of Music was established at Rome in 1584, she was adopted as its patroness. Her saint's day is celebrated on 22 November.

This painting was exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1895, with the quotation from Tennyson's 'The Palace of Art':

'In a clear walled city on the sea.
Near gilded organ pipes - slept St. Cecily'.

A reviewer in The Art Journal wrote:
'.. in St Cecilia, the important work which represents nearly two years unremitting toil and experiment, the aim is wholly decorative, the colour superb, and the painting swift and direct; that of a man who has reached his goal. The feeling is entirely mediaeval... The effect is decorative first, then somewhat ecclesiastic; entirely removed from realism and the world of our daily life.'

This painting was auctioned in June 2000 and fetched a world-record price for a Victorian painting.

 

 

 

 

 

Ophelia

painting date: 1889
medium: Oil on canvas
size: 38.5 x 62 in
location: Private Collection (Lord Lloyd Webber), UK

 

 

Waterhouse depicts Ophelia lying in a riverside meadow in an attitude of deranged abandon, one hand in her tousled hair, the other grasping flowers.

 

 

 

 

 

Diogenes

painting date: 1882
medium: Oil on canvas
size: 208 x 135 cm
location: Art Gallery of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia

 

 

 

Diogenes of Sinope, d. c.320 BC, was a Greek philosopher, perhaps the most noted of the Cynics. He pursued the Cynic ideal of self-sufficiency, a life that was natural and not dependent upon the nonessential luxuries of civilization. A student of Antisthenes, he is credited with the development of the chreia (moral epigram), with a scandalous attack of convention entitled Republic (which influenced Zeno of Citium), and with tragedies illustrative of the human predicament. Because Diogenes believed that virtue was better revealed in action than in theory, he made his life a protest against what he thought of as a corrupt society. He is said to have lived in a large tub, rather than house, and to have gone about Athens with a lantern in the daytime, claiming to be looking for an honest man--but never finding one. In later art, Diogenes is often depicted in a torn cloak, with a dog, carrying a lantern.

 

 

 

 

 

Tristram and Isolde

painting date: 1916
medium: Oil on canvas
size: 42 x 32 in (107.5 x 81.5 cm)
location: Private Collection

 

 

 

In Malory's 'Morte D'Arthur', Tristram was the son of Meliodas, King of Lyonesse and Elizabeth, the sister of King Mark of Cornwall. Tristram became a fine warrior, but was badly wounded in a fierce contest with Sir Marhaus. He sailed across the waters to Ireland for healing and was restored to health by the King's daughter, Isolde, with whom he fell in love. Their secret courtship ended when the Queen discovered that Tristram had slain her brother, Sir Marhaus, and he was hounded from the court. Back in Cornwall, his warm praise of Isolde aroused King Mark's envy, and hoping for his destruction, he ordered Tristram to seek the hand of Isolde on his behalf. The King of Ireland granted the request and Isolde, accompanied by her handmaiden, Bragwaine, set sail with Tristram. on board the ship, Tristram and Isolde found a flask containing a magical love potion, given to Bragwaine by Isolde's mother for King Mark, and unaware of its powers, they drank the liquid. Spellbound by the potion, Tristram and Isolde continued their romance back in Cornwall despite her marriage to Mark, but one day Mark discovered the lovers together and murdered Tristram in a jealous rage.

 

 

 

 

 

Jason and Medea

painting date: 1907
medium: Oil on canvas
size: 134 x 107 cm
location: Private Collection

 

 

 

 

During the adventure of the Argonauts, Jason put ashore at Colchis where he met Medea, the daughter of Aeetes, and was bewitched by her beauty. Aeetes, the King of Colchis, obstructed Jason's quest for the golden fleece by setting him an impossible task, but Medea, being in love with him, helped him perform it by magic and escaped with him to Greece. Overcome by wrath, Aeetes pursued her and, in an effort to delay his advances, Medea murdered her brother, strewing his mutilated limbs in her father's path. on their arrival at Iolcos, Medea rejuvenated Jason's father Aeson by boiling him with magic herbs but her evil trickery forced them to flee to Corinth, where Jason deserted her for Glauce. Medea took revenge by slaughtering their children and poisoning her rival.